ABSTRACT
Two cases are reported of rare digestive opportunistic parasites in patients being treated with alemtuzumab for lymphoid haematological malignancies. In both patients, classical biological examinations were insufficient to reach the diagnosis. Only specific parasitological techniques enabled diagnoses of cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis, respectively. In both cases, cellular immune reconstitution was sufficient to eradicate these opportunistic infections. In this context, parasitological diagnosis is often underestimated by medical practitioners, so immunologists and oncohaematologists need to be aware of this kind of opportunistic pathogen.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects , Antibodies, Neoplasm/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Cryptosporidiosis/chemically induced , Cryptosporidium/isolation & purification , Enterocytozoon/isolation & purification , Microsporidiosis/chemically induced , Opportunistic Infections/chemically induced , Aged , Alemtuzumab , Cryptosporidiosis/diagnosis , Cryptosporidiosis/immunology , Cryptosporidiosis/parasitology , Cryptosporidium/genetics , Cryptosporidium/immunology , Enterocytozoon/immunology , Female , Humans , Immunity, Cellular , Male , Microbiological Techniques , Microsporidiosis/diagnosis , Microsporidiosis/immunology , Microsporidiosis/microbiology , Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Opportunistic Infections/immunology , Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , Opportunistic Infections/parasitologyABSTRACT
Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by a protozoan called Cryptosporidium sp. An increased number of diagnoses were made in the last 20 years, especially in patients with immunodeficiency like the acquired human immunodeficiency syndrome and induced immunodeficiency, such as in transplant patients and those who need frequent hemodialysis, has been observed. We report the case of a young patient with ankylosing spondylitis treated with adalimumab who developed chronic diarrhea secondary to cryptosporidiosis.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects , Cryptosporidiosis/chemically induced , Spondylitis, Ankylosing/drug therapy , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors , Adalimumab , Adult , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
A criptosporidiose é uma doença parasitária causada pelo protozoário Cryptosporidium sp. Observou-se um aumento no número de diagnósticos realizados nos últimos vinte anos, principalmente em pacientes que apresentam imunodeficiências como a síndrome da imunodeficiência humana adquirida e as imunodeficiências induzidas como em pacientes transplantados e nos que necessitam realizar hemodiálise frequentemente. Relata-se o caso de um jovem com espondilite anquilosante que, usando adalimumabe, apresentou diarreia devido à criptosporidiose.
Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by a protozoan called Cryptosporidium sp. An increased number of diagnoses were made in the last 20 years, especially in patients with immunodeficiency like the acquired human immunodeficiency syndrome and induced immunodeficiency, such as in transplant patients and those who need frequent hemodialysis, has been observed. We report the case of a young patient with ankylosing spondylitis treated with adalimumab who developed chronic diarrhea secondary to cryptosporidiosis.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects , Cryptosporidiosis/chemically induced , Spondylitis, Ankylosing/drug therapy , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitorsABSTRACT
A dose of 5.0x106 Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts was inoculated in a newborn calf. After the inoculation, the feces were daily collected and the presence of oocysts was examined on slides using 0.17% green malachite dye. The total yield reached 1.5x1010 oocysts, with a peak production on the 7th day, confirming the infectious process and the role of calf infection in the potential risk for environmental contamination.
